Date of Award

6-2024

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Public Law (MPL)

Department

Public Law

First Advisor

جهاد محمد عبد العزيز

Abstract


The Predicate Crime as a Presumptive Condition for the Crime of Money Laundering in Accordance with Federal Decree Law No. 20 Of 2018 Regarding Combating Money Laundering Crimes and Combating the Financing of Terrorism and the Financing of Illegal Organizations, As Amended by Law No. 26 of 2021

The crime of money laundering is closely linked to the crime from which the funds being laundered are obtained. There is no talk of money laundering without funds derived from an illicit source. Hence the question arises about the nature of the original crime, and whether it includes every crime from which illicit funds arise, or whether the matter is limited to specific crimes, as the crime of money laundering is an accessory crime in nature and its legal structure is not complete unless the original crime occurs. The federal legislator, in accordance with the second paragraph of Article 2 of Federal Decree Law No. (26) of 2021 amending some articles of Federal Decree Law No. 20 of 2018 regarding combating money laundering crimes and combating the financing of terrorism and the financing of illegal organizations, stated that “the crime of money laundering is considered a crime! Independently, and punishing the perpetrator of the original crime does not prevent him from being punished for the crime of money laundering.”

In this study, attention was paid to determining the extent of the independence of the crime of money laundering from the original crime as an assumed condition, as well as the sources on which proof of the crime depends, the imposition of the penalty for the original crime, and the imposition of the penalty for the crime of money laundering, in deviance from the rule of applying the most severe punishment in the case of an unacceptable connection. Through this, we wanted to clarify the validity of the rulings issued in acquittal and conviction in the original crime over the ruling in the crime of money laundering.

Arabic Abstract

ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔُ ﻏﺴﻞِ اﻷﻣﻮالِ ارﺗﺒﺎطًﺎ وﺛﯿﻘًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﺼﱠﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ اﻷﻣﻮالُ ﻣﺤﻞﱡ اﻟﻐﺴﻞ، ﻓﻼ ﺣﺪﯾﺚَ ﻋﻦ ﻏَﺴْﻞ اﻷﻣﻮالِ دون أﻣﻮالٍ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺪﱠةٍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪرٍ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺮوع، وﻣﻦ ھﻨﺎ ﯾﺜﻮر اﻟﺘﺴﺎؤلُ ﻋﻦ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻷﺻﻠﯿﱠﺔ، وﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞﱠ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔٍ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ أﻣﻮالٌ ﻏﯿﺮُ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺔ، أم أنﱠ اﻷﻣﺮَ ﯾﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺮاﺋﻢَ ﺑﻌﯿﻨﮭﺎ، ﻓﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔُ ﻏَﺴْﻞ اﻷﻣﻮالِ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔٌ ﺗﺒﻌﯿﱠﺔٌ ﺑﻄﺒﯿﻌﺘﮭﺎ وﺑُﻨﯿﺎﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻻ ﯾﻜﺘﻤﻞ إﻻ ﺑﺤﺪوث اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔِ اﻷﺻﻠﯿﱠﺔ.

وﻗﺪ اﻋﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤُﺸﺮِّعُ اﻻﺗﺤﺎديﱡ وﻓﻖ اﻟﻔﻘﺮةِ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔِ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎدﱠة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔِ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮمِ ﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮنٍ اﺗِّﺤﺎديّ ٍ رﻗْﻢ (26) ﻟﺴﻨﺔ 2021 واﻟﻤﻌﺪِّل ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻮادِّ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮنٍ اﺗِّﺤﺎديّ ٍ رﻗْﻢ 20 ﻟﺴﻨﺔ 2018 ﺑﺸﺄن ﻣُﻮاﺟﮭﺔِ ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﻏﺴﻞِ اﻷﻣﻮالِ وﻣُﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺗﻤﻮﯾﻞِ اﻹرھﺎبِ وﺗﻤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﺘﱠﻨﻈﯿﻤﺎتِ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺔِ، ﺑﺄن "ﺗُﻌﺘﺒَﺮُ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔُ ﻏﺴﻞِ اﻷﻣﻮالِ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔً ﻣُﺴﺘﻘﻠﱠﺔً، وﻻ ﺗﺤﻮل ﻣُﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔُ ﻣُﺮﺗﻜﺐِ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔِ اﻷﺻﻠﯿﱠﺔ دون ﻣُﻌﺎﻗﺒﺘﮫِ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔِ ﻏَﺴْﻞ اﻷﻣﻮالِ".

وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢﱠ اﻻھﺘﻤﺎمُ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺪى اﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﯿﱠﺔِ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔِ ﻏﺴﻞ اﻷﻣﻮالِ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻷﺻﻠﯿﱠﺔ ﻛﺸﺮطٍ ﻣُﻔﺘَﺮَضٍ، وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدرُ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻹﺛﺒﺎتُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ، وﺗﻮﻗﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻷﺻﻠﯿﱠﺔ وﺗﻮﻗﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﻏَﺴْﻞِ اﻷﻣﻮالِ ﺧﺮوﺟًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ اﻷﺷﺪِّ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ، وأردﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ذﻟﻚ ﺑﯿﺎنَ ﺣﺠﯿﱠﺔ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮاءة واﻹداﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻷﺻﻠﯿﱠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔِ ﻏَﺴْﻞِ اﻷﻣﻮال.

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