Date of Award

4-2024

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Private Law

Department

Private Law

First Advisor

أ.د/ نوري حمد خاطر

Abstract

Consumer's right to withdraw from the electronic contract

A Comparative Study

Technological development has significantly changed how people communicate, particularly in concluding contracts. Sales contracts, often executed through modern communication methods and the internet, have become especially common due to their speed. This convenience often leads consumers to accept contracts hastily, relying only on photographs and descriptions provided by sellers. These descriptions may be inaccurate, or consumers may be misled by false advertisements, as these contracts are made remotely without physical interaction.

The consumer, a vital part of the economic process, increasingly faces assaults on their rights, particularly in electronically concluded contracts. This situation necessitates robust consumer protection against such infringements. Many legislations aim to provide comprehensive protection for consumers in their contractual dealings.

To safeguard consumers, comparative legislation has developed legal mechanisms to protect them in cases of rushed contract conclusions or when the product or service does not meet the description or personal requirements. One such mechanism is the right to rescission, allowing consumers to reconsider and withdraw from a contract within a specific period, restoring the situation to its pre-contract state without needing the other party's consent.

Arabic Abstract

أﺣﺪث اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺗﻐﯿﺮات ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص، وﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل إﺑﺮام اﻟﻌﻘﻮد؛ إذ ﺗﻌﺪّ ﻋﻘﻮد اﻟﺒﯿﻊ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺮم ﻋﺒﺮ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ وﺷﺒﻜﺎت اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ، ﻟﺘﻤﯿّﺰھﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺑﺮام اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺰوّد (أو اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ) دون ﺗﻔﻜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻗﺘﻨﺎء اﻟﺴّﻠﻌﺔ أو اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻋﺔ، وﻗﺪ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ -ﻓﻘﻂ- ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼّﻮر اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿّﺔ واﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺰوّ د، وذﻟﻚ ﻷنّ ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑُﻌﺪ دون اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﻤﺎديّ، و ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﯾﻜﻮن وﺻﻒ اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ أو اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ دﻗﯿﻘًﺎ، أو ﻗﺪ ﯾﻨﺨﺪع اﻟﻤ ﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺪّﻋﺎﯾﺔ واﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎت اﻟﺰاﺋﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺮوّ ج ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺰوّ د ﻟﺠﺬب اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ؛ إذ ﯾُﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ أﺣﺪ اﻷرﻛﺎن اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ، وﻗﺪ ﺗﺰاﯾﺪت اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻋﺘﺪاء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ، وﺑﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻮد اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ إﺑﺮاﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ واﻟﻄﺮاﺋﻖ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿّﺔ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاءات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ، وﻗﺪ ﺳﻌﺖ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﻌﺎت ﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼﺗﮫ اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼﻛﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﯾﺔ، ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻌﺖ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ، ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ آﻟﯿّﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿّﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺴﺮّ ع ﻓﻲ إﺑﺮام ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻘﻮد أو ﻛﺎن ﻣﺤﻞّ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻻ ﯾﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻮﺻﻒ أو ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﺸّﺨﺼﯿّﺔ، وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﻖّ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪول، واﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﺮّ ف ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ أداة ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ﺑﺄن ﯾﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮاره ﺑﺎﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﺒﺮم، وإﻋﺎدة اﻟﺤﺎل ﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻗﺒﻞ إﺑﺮام اﻟﻌﻘﺪ، دون اﻟﺮﺟﻮع ﻹرادة اﻟﻄﺮف اﻵﺧﺮ، وذﻟﻚ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺤﺪّدة.

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