Date of Award

4-2024

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Public Law (MPL)

Department

Public Law

First Advisor

أ.د / أبو الوفا محمد أبو الوفا

Abstract


The Specific Jurisdiction of the Major and Minor Criminal Courts in Accordance with the Federal Criminal Procedure Law

This study deals with the rules of specific jurisdiction for the major and minor criminal courts in accordance with the Federal Code of Criminal Procedure, where specific jurisdiction is one of the most important jurisdictions stipulated by the federal legislator, by allocating specific courts to specific types of crimes. In light of this, the federal legislator in the United Arab Emirates has singled out a new system with regard to specific jurisdiction, distinguishing between the major and minor criminal courts in terms of their jurisdiction and in terms of the number of judges in forming the two courts.

The most important results the crime punishable by death or life imprisonment is within the jurisdiction of the Major Criminal Court, which is composed of three judges, and the crime punishable by temporary imprisonment is within the jurisdiction of the Minor Criminal Court, which is composed of one judge.

Among the most important recommendations contained at the conclusion of the letter: We propose to the legislator to amend Articles “121, 122, and 123 of the Code of Criminal Procedure” regarding referring the incident to court, that is, it was not stated whether the referral would be to the major or minor criminal court, the legislator was satisfied with the criminal court".

The proposed amendment to Article 122 of the Federal Criminal Procedure Code: “If the Director of Public Prosecution or his representative sees that the incident is a felony punishable by retaliation, death, or life imprisonment, and that the evidence against the accused is sufficient, he decides to refer him to the High Criminal Court, and if the incident is a felony punishable by imprisonment.”

Arabic Abstract

ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺮى واﻟﺼﻐﺮى طﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﯿﺔ اﻻﺗﺤﺎدي، ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻌﺪ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ أھﻢ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺸﺮع اﻻﺗﺤﺎدي، وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻷﻧﻮاع ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ، ﻓﺒﻌﺪ أن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ أن ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺢ واﻟﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎت ﺗﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﮭﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺎرﺗﻜﺎب ﺟﻨﺤﺔ، أو ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻓﺈن ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت ﺗﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت، وﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮء ذﻟﻚ أﻓﺮد اﻟﻤﺸﺮع اﻻﺗﺤﺎدي ﻓﻲ دوﻟﺔ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎً ﺟﺪﯾﺪاً ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻣﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺘﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺮى واﻟﺼﻐﺮى ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﮭﻤﺎ وﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻀﺎة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﯿﻦ.

وﻣﻦ أھﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ ھﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أن اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪام أو اﻟﺴﺠﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺑﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺮى واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻗﻀﺎة، واﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﺼﻐﺮى واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ واﺣﺪ.

وﻣﻦ أھﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ وردت ﻓﻲ ﺧﺘﺎم اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ: ﻧﻘﺘﺮح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮع ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاد "121 ،122 ،123 ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﯿﺔ" ﺑﺸﺄن إﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ، أي ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻹﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺮى أو اﻟﺼﻐﺮى ﻓﻘﻂ اﻛﺘﻔﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮع "ﺑﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت".

واﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة 122 ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﯿﺔ اﻻﺗﺤﺎدي: "إذا رأى رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﻨﯿﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ أو ﻣﻦ ﯾﻘﻮم ﻣﻘﺎﻣﮫ أن اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺎص أو ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺪام أو ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺑﺪ وأن اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﮭﻢ ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻗﺮر إﺣﺎﻟﺘﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺮى، وإذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ وأن اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻗﺮر إﺣﺎﻟﺘﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﺼﻐﺮى، وإذا وﺟﺪ ﺷﻚ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﺔ ﺻﻐﺮى ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ، أو ﺟﻨﺤﺔ ﻓﯿﺤﯿﻠﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺮى ﺑﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺔ".

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