Date of Award

6-2023

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy in Physics

Department

Physics

First Advisor

Dr. Aquib Moin

Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most energetic and violent events in the universe, characterized by sudden and intense emission of gamma rays lasting from a fraction of a second to several minutes. The primary focus of this thesis is to study gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), with a specific emphasis on GRB190114C. GRB190114C is a long-duration GRB that was detected on January 14, 2019, by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). It had a T90 duration of 116 s and a redshift of z = 0.4245, which corresponds to a luminosity distance of about 2.9 billion light-years. The first part of this thesis presents the results of a 140-day observational campaign of the GRB190114C radio afterglow using the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA).

The study aimed to determine the dynamical and microphysical radio afterglow parameters and model the multifrequency radio data using variations of interstellar medium (ISM) and wind models. The obtained data allowed for the identification of the most plausible model that explains the evolution of the GRB190114C radio afterglow. Furthermore, the analysis helped to derive various microphysical parameters to better understand the properties and characteristics of this GRB. The second part of the work investigates the suitable progenitor model for GRB190114C. The widely accepted progenitor model for long-duration GRBs is the collapsar model, which involves a black hole-accretion disk (BHAD) system. In the context of the collapsar model, the BHAD system is formed from the remnants of the massive star’s core that has collapsed into a black hole. Under the same model, there could be a possible binary system, where a helium core has a compact companion. Furthermore, the work discusses the two mechanisms that could cause these systems to produce highly energetic jets: neutrino annihilation and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), which uses the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. These mechanisms were compared based on the observational results to further narrow down the plausibility of the progenitor models. To investigate the plausibility of these progenitor models, we derived prompt emission parameters such as isotropic energy Eiso and luminosity Liso and used the multi-wavelength afterglow data from X-ray to radio to fit the light curves and spectral energy distribution, and derive the microphysical parameters. To further assess the likelihood of the proposed progenitor models, we compared these models and mechanisms based on the observational results obtained from the analysis of the afterglow data.

Overall, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the nature and properties of GRBs and their progenitor models. The detailed analysis of GRB190114C, including the modeling of its radio afterglow and investigation of its progenitor model, provides new insights into the most energetic phenomena in the universe. The findings of this study can inform future studies of similar events and improve our understanding of these fascinating phenomena.

Arabic Abstract


فك تشابك أصول GRB190114C: تحقيق في نماذج السلف من خلال تحليل مراقبي

ﺗﻌد اﻧﻔﺟﺎرات أﺷﻌﺔ ﺟﺎﻣا (GRBs) ﻣن ﺑﯾن اﻷﺣداث اﻷﻛﺛر ﻧﺷﺎطًﺎ وﻋﻧﻔﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم اﻟﻛون، ﯾﺗﻣﯾز ﺑﺎﻧﺑﻌﺎث ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ وﻣﻛﺛف ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺎ ﯾدوم ﻟﺟزء ﺻﻐﯾر ﻣن ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋدة دﻗﺎﺋﻖ. اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﮭذه اﻷطروﺣﺔ ھو دراﺳﺔ اﻧﻔﺟﺎرات أﺷﻌﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺎ (GRBs)، ﻣﻊ اﻟﺗرﻛﯾز ﺑﺷﻛل ﺧﺎص ﻋﻠﻰ GRB190114C. GRB190114C عبارة عن GRB طوﯾل اﻷﻣد ﺗم اﻛﺗﺷﺎﻓﮫ ﻓﻲ 14 ﯾﻧﺎﯾر 2019 ﺑواﺳطﺔ ﺟﮭﺎز رﺻد اﻧﻔﺟﺎرات أﺷﻌﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﯾرﻣﻲ (GBM) وب اﻟﺗﻧﺑﯾﮫ ﻟﻼﻧﻔﺟﺎر اﻟﺳرﯾﻊ (BAT). ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣدة T90116 ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ وﺗﺣول أﺣﻣر ﯾﺑﻠﻎ z = 0.4245، وھو ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺎدل ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺿﯾﺎء ﺗﺑﻠﻎ ﺣواﻟﻲ 2.9 ﻣﻠﯾﺎر ﺳﻧﺔ ﺿوﺋﯾﺔ. ﯾﻌرض اﻟﺟزء اﻷول ﻣن ھذه اﻷطروﺣﺔ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺣﻣﻠﺔ ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ اﺳﺗﻣرت 140 ﯾوﻣًﺎ ﻟـ اﻟﺷﻔﻖ اﻟرادﯾوي GRB190114C ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﺻﻔوﻓﺔ اﻟﺗﻠﺳﻛوب اﻷﺳﺗراﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣدﻣﺟﺔ (ATCA). ھدﻓت اﻟدراﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺷﻔﻖ اﻟرادﯾوي اﻟدﯾﻧﺎﻣﯾﻛﻲ واﻟﻣﯾﻛروﻓﯾزﯾﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت وﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟرادﯾوﯾﺔ ﻣﺗﻌددة اﻟﺗرددات ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام أﺷﻛﺎل ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣن اﻟوﺳط ﺑﯾن اﻟﻧﺟوم (ISM) وﻧﻣﺎذج اﻟرﯾﺎح. ﺳﻣﺣت اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗم اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﺑﺗﺣدﯾد اﻷﻛﺛر ﻗﺑوﻻ ﻧﻣوذج ﯾﺷرح ﺗطور اﻟﺷﻔﻖ اﻟرادﯾوي GRB190114C. ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك، ﺳﺎﻋد اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل ﻓﻲ اﺳﺗﺧﻼص اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت اﻟﻔﯾزﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟدﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻔﮭم اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص ﺑﺷﻛل أﻓﺿل وﺧﺻﺎﺋص ھذا GRB. اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣل ﯾﺑﺣث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺳﻠف لـ GRB190114C. اﻟﻧﻣوذج اﻟﺳﻠف اﻟﻣﻘﺑول ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧطﺎق واﺳﻊ ﻟﻔﺗرة طوﯾﻠﺔ GRBs ھو ﻧﻣوذج Collapsar، واﻟذي ﯾﺗﺿﻣن ﻧظﺎم ﻗرص ﺗراﻛم اﻟﺛﻘب اﻷﺳود (BHAD). ﻓﻲ ﺳﯾﺎق ﻧﻣوذج Collapsar، ﯾﺗﻛون ﻧظﺎم BHAD ﻣن ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎ ﻗﻠب اﻟﻧﺟم اﻟﺿﺧم اﻟذي اﻧﮭﺎر إﻟﻰ ﺛﻘب أﺳود. وﻓﻲ ظل ﻧﻔس اﻟﻧﻣوذج، ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﯾﻛون ھﻧﺎك ﻧظﺎم ﺛﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺣﺗﻣل، ﺣﯾث ﯾﻛون ﻟﻧواة اﻟﮭﯾﻠﯾوم رﻓﯾﻖ ﻣدﻣﺞ ﯾﻧﺎﻗش اﻟﻌﻣل اﻵﻟﯾﺗﯾن اﻟﻠﺗﯾن ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺗﺳﺑﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺗﺎج ھذه اﻷﻧظﻣﺔ ﺑدرﺟﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ اﻟطﺎﺋرات اﻟﻧﺷﯾطﺔ: إﺑﺎدة اﻟﻧﯾوﺗرﯾﻧو واﻟدﯾﻧﺎﻣﯾﻛﺎ اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾﺳﯾﺔ (MHD)، واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم آﻟﯾﺔ ﺑﻼﻧدﻓورد زﻧﺎﺟﯾك. وﺗﻣت ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ھذه اﻵﻟﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻟﻣزﯾد ﻣن ﺗﺿﯾﯾﻖ ﻣدى ﻣﻌﻘوﻟﯾﺔ ﻧﻣﺎذج اﻟﺳﻠف. ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻘوﻟﯾﺔ ھذه اﻟﻧﻣﺎذج اﻟﺳﻠﻔﯾﺔ، ﻗﻣﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧﻼص ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت اﻻﻧﺑﻌﺎث اﻟﻔوري ﻣﺛل اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﻧﺎﺣﯾﺔ Eiso واﻟﻠﻣﻌﺎن Liso واﺳﺗﺧدﻣت ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺷﻔﻖ ذات اﻷطوال اﻟﻣوﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﻌددة ﻣن اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺳﯾﻧﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟرادﯾو ﻟﺗﻧﺎﺳب ﻣﻧﺣﻧﯾﺎت اﻟﺿوء وﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟطﯾﻔﯾﺔ واﺳﺗﺧﻼﺻﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت اﻟﻔﯾزﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟدﻗﯾﻘﺔ. ﻟﻣزﯾد ﻣن ﺗﻘﯾﯾم اﺣﺗﻣﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻧﻣﺎذج اﻟﺳﻠف اﻟﻣﻘﺗرﺣﺔ، ﻗﻣﻧﺎ ﺑﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ھذه اﻟﻧﻣﺎذج واﻵﻟﯾﺎت ﺑﻧﺎءً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻣراﻗﺑﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗم اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺣﻠﯾل ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺷﻔﻖ. .وﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم، ﺗﺳﺎھم ھذه اﻷطروﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﮭم أﻓﺿل ﻟﻠطﺑﯾﻌﺔ واﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص GRBs وﻧﻣﺎذﺟﮭﺎ اﻟﺳﻠﻔﯾﺔ. اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﺗﻔﺻﯾﻠﻲ ﻟـ GRB190114C، ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟك إن ﻧﻣذﺟﺔ اﻟﺷﻔﻖ اﻟرادﯾوي اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﮫ واﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻣوذج ﺳﻠﻔﮫ ﯾوﻓر رؤى ﺟدﯾدة ﻓﻲ اﻟظواھر اﻷﻛﺛر ﻧﺷﺎطﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛون. ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ھذه اﻟدراﺳﺔ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗﻔﯾد اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل دراﺳﺎت ﻷﺣداث ﻣﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ وﺗﺣﺳﯾن ﻓﮭﻣﻧﺎ ﻟﮭذه اﻟظواھر اﻟراﺋﻌﺔ.

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