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Abstract

For the basic problem of the arrived ship is economic. The day-to­ day running costs of a large vessel are extremely high. If. therefore, a vessel is kept waiting in the area of the port named as the destination in the charter party because of congestion in the port, it becomes a matter of contention whether this cost is to be borne by the ship-owner or the charterer. If it is to wait at the ship owner’s expense he will endeavor to secure that this risk is covered in the freight rate that he charges. If it is to wait at the expense of the charterer and be paid for as demurrage or by reduction in dispatch money he will expect this to be reflected in a lower freight rate charged.

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